Transcript of The Munich Security Conference; FDA Rejects Flu Vaccine; The Fall of The Quad God

And Happy Valentine's Day, Scott.

Happy Valentine's Day to you, Aesha. I was a very busy man getting everything ready for two daughters and my wife.

I did it on Wednesday, so all the kids. So I got everybody flowers and told them they were loved because I want them to know they don't have to wait on some romantic love, right? Like that they can be celebrated.

God bless you. Secretary State, Marco Rubio spoke at the Munich Security Conference today and outlined the US-Europe relationship.

We'll tell you how that speech was received.

I'm Scott Simon.

And I'm Ayesha Rosco, and this is up first from NPR News.

On his way to Munich, Secretary Rubio said the Old World order is no more.

The world is changing very fast right in front of us. The Old World is gone, frankly, the world I grew up in, and we live in a new era in geopolitics, and it's going to require all of us to re examine what that looks like and what our role is going to be.

But what does that mean for transatlantic unity?

The FDA has rejected a new flu shot. We'll look at how that could change clinical trials.

Plus, the quad God has fallen. We'll have more on Ilya Malanin's heartbreak.

So please stay with us. We've got the news you need to start your weekend.

Support for NPR comes from NPR member stations and Eric and Wendy Schmidt through the Schmidt Family Foundation, working to restore a balanced relationship between people and planet. The Schmidt Family Foundation is part of the philanthropic organization and initiatives created and funded by Eric and Wendy Schmidt to work toward a healthy, resilient, secure world for all. On the web at theschmitt. Org.

This message comes from the Pulitzer finalist, NHPR team. Their new four-part series, Safe to Drink, investigates one of the largest water contamination events in New Hampshire's history and the people who fought for answers. Follow Safe to Drink wherever you're listening.

This message comes from the Mayo Clinic podcast, Tomorrow's Cure. Each episode keeps you up to date on the future of medicine, from breakthroughs in 3D bioprinting to how early immune changes may play a role in leukemia. Follow Tomorrow's Cure wherever you get podcasts. Support for NPR and the following message come from the Lemmolson Foundation, dedicated to improving lives through invention, innovation, and climate action.

Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, told European Allies at the Munich Security conference today that it's time for a period of renewal as the old world order is ending.

His speech at times highlighted unity, and it was different in tone from Vice President J. D. Vance's speech at the conference last year, which focused on free speech and migration.

And Pierre's Michèle Kellermann was in Munich for the speech. Michèle, thanks for being with us.

Nice to be here, Scott.

What was Secretary Rubio's main message today?

Well, he said that the US and Europe made a lot of mistakes in recent years, focusing on what he called the Climate Cult, and also allowing supply chains to become too dependent on rivals like China. He also spent a lot of time talking about Christian values and fears of civilisational erasure because of mass migration. Those were a big focus of Vance's speech last year, but Rubio couched it a bit differently. Take a listen.

In a time of headlines heralding the end of the transatlantic era, let it be known and clear to all that this is neither our goal nor our wish. Because for us Americans, our home may be in the Western hemisphere, but we will always be a child of Europe.

I hear a pause there. Michelle, how did the speech go over?

Yeah, I mean, the host of the conference, Wolfgang Ischinger, said there was a sigh of relief in the room, and he said he saw this speech as a message of reassurance. But you know, I heard California governor Gavin Newsom telling a group of reporters yesterday that vice President Vance set the bar so low with last year's speech. And Germany's Chancellor, Friedrich Merz, who met Rubio yesterday, also talked about the world order as we know it, is in the past. But he told the US that the US isn't strong enough to go it alone. French President Emmanuel Macron, who's also here, told the gathering that Europe needs to become a geopolitical leader and needs to really stand up to Russia's aggression in Ukraine.

You mentioned Governor Newsom. There are other Democrats there as well, aren't there?

Yeah. New York Congresswoman, Alexandria Ocazier-Cortez, made her debut here, and she's blaming the Trump administration of ripping up democratic norms and turning the world into what she calls an age of authoritarians who are carving up the world.

Where Donald Trump can command the Western hemisphere and Latin America as his personal sandbox, where Putin can saber rattle around Europe and for essentially authoritarians to have their own geographic domains.

She says she was here with other Democrats offering a different way forward.

Russia's war in Ukraine is obviously a big concern for Europe. What did Secretary Rubio say about that?

Europeans are really alarmed by Russia's continued strikes on Ukraine's energy grid during this cold spell. They say Russia is trying to play for time, trying to win territory, and talks with Trump's envies that it hasn't been able to capture on the battlefield. Rubio would only say that he's not really sure if the Russians are serious about ending the war and whether there are any terms that can be negotiated that are acceptable to Ukraine. But he said, The US is going to continue to try, and that's been the goal.

And here's Michelle Kellermann from Munich. Thanks so much.

Thank you.

The Food and Drug Administration this week dealt a surprising setback to Moderna, one of the main biotech companies that created an mRNA vaccine against COVID-19.

The agency rejected Moderna's This new flu shot, which was aimed at adults aged 50 and older.

We're joined now by NPR Sydney Lepkin, who has been following this story. Good morning, Sydney. Hi. Can you walk us through what happened with the Moderna shot?

Yeah. So this was It's the first of its kind flu shot that uses the mRNA technology, just like the COVID shots from Moderna and Pfizer BioNTech. Dr. Helen Chew, a professor of Medicine and Epidemiology at the University of Washington, says the mRNA technology is the reason those companies were able to respond to the COVID pandemic so quickly.

And that's important because you need to scale up vaccine manufacturing quite a clip to be able to make the number of doses that you need to be able to respond to a pandemic.

Moderna wants to use that technology, again, to tackle the flu. The traditional flu shot takes around six months to manufacture because it has to be grown in chicken eggs. So companies have to start making it really early, and by the time it's ready, the flu could have mutated. Mrna could make that process faster and more flexible. But on Tuesday, the FDA said it would not review Moderna's application, effectively rejecting it. It said the agency isn't satisfied with a Moderna study comparing its experimental mRNA flu vaccine to a standard dose flu vaccine already on the market. A high potency vaccine is recommended for people 65 and older, and that's what a statement from the Department of Health and Human Services said the FDA was looking for in that age group. Hhs said the FDA had communicated that preference before.

So how unusual is this for the FDA to decide not to even review a new vaccine?

So Chou told me it's unusual to hear from the FDA that a study isn't acceptable so late in the process because companies are talking with the agency before a study even begins to make sure it's okay. But she also told me she was surprised Moderna filed the application. That's because the Trump administration had already been signaling that it wasn't friendly toward mRNA vaccines. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Announced in August that he was cutting a half billion dollars in funding for mRNA vaccine research. He also fired 17 members of an influential vaccine advisory committee, that included Chou. Then the new handpicked committee recommended making the COVID shots less routine. I should add that the government also reduced the number of vaccines recommended for children beyond just COVID.

What does Moderna say about what happened?

It says the rejection doesn't line up with what the FDA was saying before, and that the agency okayed this trial design 18 months ago. And by the way, Moderna says it cost a lot of money to do this research, more than a billion dollars all told. Companies making that investment are looking for regulatory consistency. Dr. Lindsay McNair is a consultant at Equipoyze and advises companies on clinical trials. She says this isn't the first time in recent months the FDA has done this, and the biotech community is concerned.

Companies simply cannot afford to conduct clinical trials. And then when they try to submit them to the regulator, have the regulator say, Well, changed our mind. We're not going to accept your clinical trial. So what does this mean for the big picture in terms of flu vaccines? But but also companies developing other kinds of vaccines?

Yeah. So I'm told that when it comes to mRNA vaccines, that work is moving forward, but in other countries. So it's really the United States that could be at a disadvantage here. There's a lot of risk involved in developing a new vaccine. Risk the company will do the study and it won't work, or there won't be a market for it, and risk that the regulatory agency won't approve it. Those first two are built into the calculus of being a pharmaceutical company, but regulatory risk isn't as much. Historically in the US, the FDA has been pretty consistent. The FDA saying no to a study design it had previously agreed to is risk that's harder to navigate, and it could lead companies to think twice.

That was NPR Pharmaceuticals' correspondence, Sydney Lepkin. Thank you, Sydney. You bet.

Well, Ayesha, looks like even gods can fall.

That's right, Scott. Anyone watching US Olympic Figure Skater Ilya Malanin, compete in the men's gold event yesterday saw that happen in real-time, more than once.

He was widely expected to win gold in the event. Turned out he didn't even medal. So what went wrong? Npr's Rachel Treesman was watching from the Milano Ice Skating Arena. Rachel, thanks for being with us.

Thanks for having me.

He is a global phenomenon, just 21, hadn't lost a major competition since 2023. What was the mood like when he took the ice?

I'll try to paint a picture. So Malanin was the very last skater of the entire night, and there was just this sense in the room that he would be the grand finale. He got the loudest applause of anyone just by skating out to do his warmups. All eyes were on him. The stands were super packed. There were Olympic greats in the room, like Nathan Chen and Simone Biles. And the question people around me were asking wasn't whether Malanin would win, but how would he do it? How many quad jumps would he do? And of course, would he attempt and land the quad axel, which would be the first on Olympic ice?

When did it all start going wrong?

Pretty much immediately. Malanin's second planned jump out of seven was the quad axel, but he downgraded it midair to just a single axel, and it got harder to watch from there. He bailed on a couple other jumps and fully fell twice. One of the jumps he did manage to land was a backflip. But of course, that doesn't get you any points. Just a lot of love from the crowd.

And what was the reaction of the crowd?

Well, the crowd started off so energized for his performance, and once he got started, it just totally felt like the wind had been knocked out of everyone. Some people around me had their phones out to film what was supposed to be this historic jump and then pretty quickly put their phones away. I feel like it took a moment for people to realize what they were seeing. And then when they did, the crowd suddenly got loud again as if people in the stands were trying to boost Malanin up with their own energy, their own nervous energy in particular. But it didn't work. And at the end of the four minutes, Malanin just looked anguished as he walked off the ice.

And what did this extraordinary young man say about what went wrong?

Well, a lot of us asked him. So athletes typically talk to the press right after they skate. And just a few minutes later, I was standing in this crush of journalists all eager to hear from him. And Malanin clearly hadn't had a second to process what had just happened. He was clearly still trying to understand But he did blame the pressure he'd been under as the heavy favorite. And he said a lot of negative thoughts came flooding in as soon as he hit his starting pose.

We should ask who won.

So two Japanese skaters ended up on the podium. Yuma Kaguyama repeated his silver from 2022, and Shonsado won Bronze. But the real shocker was the first-place finisher Mikhail Shaidorov of Kazakhstan. He wasn't expected to medal at all, though he was clearly a fan favorite. He landed a really clean skate with five quad jumps that put him in first place. There were still a handful of top ranked skaters to follow him, including Malin. So I don't think Shaidorov was expecting to stay on the top of the scoreboard, but all of the skaters after him fell. So we could see him watching in real time as he processed that he had won Bronze, then Silver, and then somehow Gold. And after Malinin got his score, he walked over to hug Shadyarov, who was just standing there in total shock with his hands on his face.

Metals for women's figure skating and pairs figure skating are still ahead. More competitions this week. But this was Ilja Malanin's last chance at a medal this year, wasn't it?

That's right. And it's important to note, he will still leave these Olympics with a gold medal from last weekend's team event, which, I mean, ironically, his free skate helped the US win. But, yeah, yesterday was his last chance at an individual medal. We may see him skate again at an exhibition event next weekend, but we'll have to see him in a future Olympic cycle if he wants to earn his individual medal.

And here's Rachel Treesman in Milan. Rachel, thanks so much for being with us.

Of course. Thank you.

Rachel is writing a daily newsletter about what it's like to be at the Games in person. It's called, Rachel Goes to the Games. You can subscribe to it at npr. Org/wintergames. And you can check out Up First Winter Games, a new video podcast from the team that brings you Up First. Find it every afternoon at youtube. Com/npr. And that's Up First For Saturday, February 14, 2026. I'm Scott Simon.

I'm Ayesha Rosco.

Elaina Tworak produced today's podcast with help from Dave Mistich and Jordan Marie Smith.

Our editor is Dee Parvaz. She had help from nick Spicer, Miguel Macias, Eric Whitney, Martin Patience, Jacob Finston, and Diana Douglas. Michael Radcliffe is our director.

Our technical director is David Greenberg, with engineering support from Simon Lazlow-Janson and Zoe Van Genoven.

Our Senior Supervising Editor is Shannon Rose, Evie Stone is our executive producer, and Jim Cain is our Deputy Managing Editor.

Tomorrow on the Sunday story, in 2024, a woman took the stand in an unprecedented mass rape trial in France. Among the over 50 perpetrators was her husband. Now, Giselle Pelico has written a memoir of survival titled, A Him to Life: Shame Has to Change Sides.

Our colleague, Michelle Martin, interviewed Giselle Pelico about the shocking case, her decision to hold an open trial, and so much more.

And of course, we have all the latest news, music, movies, sports, and so much more. You can just tune into NPR and find your local station at stations. Npr. Org. Thank you for listening.

Want to hear this podcast without sponsor breaks? Amazon Prime members can listen to Up First sponsor-free through Amazon Music.

Or you can also support NPR's vital journalism and get Up First Plus at plus.

Npr.

Org.

That's plus. Npr.

Org.

This is Ira Glass. On this American Life, we look for stories that are surprising that you won't hear anywhere else. Like, for example, this one astronaut who went to the moon. You know what he's down into? Space. Was it cool to float around weightless?

No.

This American Life, unexpected stories wherever you get your podcast. On the Thru-Line podcast from NPR, the former slaveholder who took on the KKK and won.

He became more and more and more militant as time went on.

Listen to Thru-Line in the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.