Transcript of Trump’s Tariffs and What They Mean for Your Wallet

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I'm Nicole Lappin, the only financial expert you don't need a dictionary to understand. It's time for some money rehab.

But there has It has been a whole lot going on in financial news while I've been on maternity leave. It wasn't hard to pick the first stories to cover as my first episode's back, because two of the biggest stories in financial news right now are undoubtedly all things DOGE and Tariffs. Yesterday, we covered all things Doge. Today is all about tariffs. But as always, I'm going to focus on why this matters to you and your microeconomy. For starters, the way we talk about tariffs right now doesn't necessarily line up with how they work. So it's just worth reminding ourselves what tariffs are without any geopolitical frills. Here's the simple definition. A tariff is a tax on imports paid by the company bringing goods into the country. So for example, if you Now, as you are listening to this on an iPhone, a lot of the components of the device that you're holding in your hand come from China, and iPhones themselves are assembled in China. When your brand new ready for sale iPhone arrives at a US port, Apple, not the Chinese government, not the manufacturers in China who made the components, but Apple pays an import duty to the US government before they can put the iPhone on shelves.

Tariff and duty are sometimes used interchangeably, and while they're very closely related, they're not exactly the same thing. A tariff is a broader term for taxes on imports or exports, usually set by a government to control trade. A duty is a specific amount of tax owed on a particular product. In the case of your iPhone, the tariff is the trade policy that sets the tax, and the duty is the actual bill Apple has to pay when those phones hit US soil. As we're seeing now, tariffs are bargaining chips countries play against each other in geopolitical negotiations and conflicts. When he was campaigning, Trump said that he would introduce a lot of tariffs, and he sure has. The ones of most consequence are the tariffs on China, Mexico, Canada, and steel-producing countries. For a long time, the US didn't have to think much about tariffs or duties on goods from two of our biggest trade partners, Mexico and Canada. From 1994 to 2020, the US, Mexico, and Canada operated under NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under NAFTA, tariffs between the three countries were virtually nonexistent. This wasn't just about tequila and maple syrup. Canada, for example, is a massive exporter of natural resources like gas, minerals, and lumber.

An estimated 24% of all US steel imports and 60% of US aluminum imports come from Canada. Remember that because it's going to come up later. Nafta was sunset because critics, including President Trump, argued that it incentivized outsourcing led to job losses in US manufacturing and failed to protect American industries. Trump renegotiated the deal and in 2020, replaced NAFTA with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, USMCA. The USMCA introduced used stronger labor productions, especially for Mexican workers, higher requirements for North American car production, and updated digital trade rules. The goal was to create a more balanced trade relationship between the three countries while addressing some of BAFTA's shortcomings. Trump, like other pro-tariff politicians before him, sees economic reasons for instituting tariffs as well as political ones. Trump views tariffs as an easy way to raise revenue without directly increasing on individuals. He also sees them as a way to encourage American manufacturing by making foreign goods more expensive, theoretically pushing consumers toward US-made alternatives. Tariffs on Chinese goods, of course, have pros and cons, but generally The politicians on both sides of the aisle support tariffs on Chinese goods to some extent. When Mexico and Canada enter the mix, things become a little bit more spicy.

The difference here is that China and the US are somewhat adversarial. Mexico and Canada are our homies. Canada, in particular, is a close partner of the United States. We haven't had a real fight since 1812. When Trump proposed a sweeping 25% tariff on products from Canada and Mexico on February first, Mexican and Canadian politicians were shocked. When Canada and Mexico asked what they could do to avoid tariffs, Trump's demands were initially unclear, except for when he joked, question mark, that Canada could just become the 51st state, which is a little like joking about cheating on your spouse. It's just not funny. Eventually, people are going to start asking some hard questions and maybe even go through your phone. Then, Trump spoke with the leaders of both countries, respectively, and reached agreements to pause the implementation of tariffs until March sixth, my birthday Eve, so long as Canada and Mexico promise to provide more security at the border. If a 25% tariff on Mexican products goes through, you can definitely expect to feel it at the grocery store. In 2021, Mexico provided almost two-thirds of US vegetable imports and almost half of US fruit and tree nut imports, according to NPR.

If a 25% tariff on Canadian products goes through, we will also see higher car prices and construction costs. Plus, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said that he would pass retaliatory tariffs on things like whiskey, cosmetics, and paper products. But we don't have to worry about price hikes until the beginning of March when these tariffs are reconsidered. On February first, Trump also announced an additional 10% on Chinese goods, which he did go through with. China retaliated with its own tariffs on US goods, launched an antitrust investigation into Google, which is banned in China but still does a lot of business there through partnerships. And let us not forget, the TikTok ban is ticking down in the background. This was all big tariff news, so I think we all thought we'd read our last tariff headline for a while. But then on the 10th, Trump levied a 25% tariff on steel and aluminum globally. Remember, tariffs are taxes paid for by the importing company, not the foreign government. There are exceptions for some American companies that relied on foreign steel last time Trump did this, not this time. Remember how Trump paused tariffs on Canada? Well, they're not exempt from this tariff.

Remember, Canada is responsible for a quarter of US steel imports and more than a half of aluminum imports, so this is a serious hit for them. What does this mean for you? Well, luckily, we do have the benefit of hindsight and can look at the effect of the tariffs Trump implemented in his first term. Most economists agree that Trump's tariffs had a mixed effect on the US economy. However, it is worth noting that Biden did keep a lot of the Trump tariffs in place. The tariffs from Trump's first term increased costs for businesses that rely on imported materials. A lot of US manufacturers depend on foreign steel and aluminum, and the tariffs meant that manufacturers had to pay higher prices for those materials. Those higher costs were often passed down to the consumer. As a result of retaliatory tariffs from China during Trump's first term, US farmers were hard hit. In fact, the US government had to bail out farmers to the tune of $28 billion in 2018 and 2019 to help offset their losses. In the face of higher costs for businesses, consumers felt the squeeze. The tariffs caused price bumps in things like electronics, cars, and even everyday goods like clothing went up.

Studies showed that American households ended up paying about $1,300 more per year as a result of the tariffs, which definitely did not help inflation. Then there's jobs. One of Trump's key promises was to protect American jobs, especially in manufacturing. In the steel industry, there was a slight increase in jobs at first, but there wasn't nearly enough to offset the jobs lost in other industries affected by higher material costs. One study from the Peterson Institute for International Economics found that for every job saved in steel production, about 16 jobs were lost in industries that use steel. That said, the tariffs did force a conversation about trade imbalances, especially with China. And while the US Sino Trade War didn't solve all the problems Trump wanted it to, it did lead to new trade negotiations, including the phase one trade deal signed in 2020, where China basically agreed buy more American products. Just like we have the benefit of hindsight, so does the Trump administration. So they will try to implement changes to how they navigate tariffs in order to have more effective tariffs this time around. But even so, it is likely that in the short term, we will see higher prices day to day.

That means it's more important now than ever to make sure the money you have sitting on the sidelines is working hard for you so you can keep pace with inflation. This means at the very least opting into a high yield savings account instead of just a regular savings account. If you're not sure where to start, check out my favorite Publix at public. Com/moneyrehab. For today's tip, you can take straight to the bank. Goldman Sachs analysts say that for every 5% tariff, the S&P 500 earnings per share could fall by roughly 1-2%. In its simplest form, that means that the returns in the stock market will likely fall if the tariffs in limbo get passed in the beginning of March. The stock market dips, we know that, And in fact, dips are oftentimes when stocks go on sale, so it could be a great time to buy. It's also a good time to make sure you're diversified. I just mentioned Publix's high yield cash account. They also have a bond account where at the time I'm recording this, you can lock in a 6. 9% yield, even if the Fed lowers rates. In times of uncertainty, personally, I jump at the opportunity to add a little more certainty into my portfolio.

Money Rehab is a production of Money News Network. I'm your host, Nicole Lappin. Money Rehab's executive producer is Morgan LeVoy.

Our researcher is Emily Holmes.

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