Transcript of Dr. Mark Hyman: The Secret to Aging Backwards and Improving Your Health | Mental Health | YAPClassic New

Kaffee in seiner besten Form. Mit Qubo wird jeder Kaffee auf Knopfdruck zum Genussmoment. Denn mit der neuen Qubo One Kapselmaschine von Chibo genießt du feinsten Spitzenkaffee aus besonderen Anbaugebieten. Vollmundige Aromen dank innovativer Press Brew Technologie und über 17 Sorten Kaffee für jeden Geschmack. Erlebe Premiumkaffee schon ab 29 €. Entdecke jetzt die Qubo Kapselmaschinen in deiner Chibo Filiale und auf chibo.de. Hey, App Fam, we're about to launch something that might be my favorite thing we've ever done on the podcast, a brand new series called How We Profit. Now, I've been doing Young and Profiting Podcast for 8 years, and my listeners are successful. We are real entrepreneurs with real businesses, and a lot of you guys are crushing it behind the scenes. You may not be super famous, you may not be a billionaire yet, but you've got a business that you've learned how to scale. And we wanna hear from you. One of the best ways to learn as an entrepreneur is from your peers. And I found it super helpful to be in these peer entrepreneurship groups and learn from other entrepreneurs who are at my level, but just in a different industry. So that's what I wanna bring to this podcast.

I want this to be our own peer group, but on the podcast. And so I'm gonna be interviewing people who are making anywhere from $500,000 to $10 million a year. They're not super famous. They're not the typical billionaires that are on my show. These are real entrepreneurs who are crushing it behind the scenes, and we're gonna uncover what they do to sell, how they get their customers, what their profit margin looks like, how they market, and so much more. If this sounds like you and you wanna be featured on Young and Profiting Podcast for our How We Profit series, just head to youngandprofiting.com/apply and share your story. Let me know why you think you should be featured on the show. Again, that's youngandprofiting.com/apply. And who knows, maybe you'll be our next guest on Young and Profiting Podcast. You want to live to be 120 years old. Why do you actually want to live so long?

I love life. What is the definition of health? It's not the absence of disease. It's something else. How do we unlock the keys to optimal biological performance? I've spent the 40 years studying the science of function of the body. Frailty is not a normal consequence of aging. It's a consequence, a phenomenon that happens as we get older if we don't do something about it. We have dysregulated sleep schedules. We have tremendous amounts of stress. We eat crappy food. We don't exercise enough. There's all these things that we're doing to impede our ability to actually live a vibrant, long, healthy life.

What did you do to reverse your age 20 years?

I have been eating.

Let's say I gave you a 35-year-old. They're stressed, exhausted, running on coffee. If you had a year to transform their health and performance, what are the things that you would change?

I would immediately have him get—

Yeah, fam, what if aging wasn't something that just happened to you, but something you could actually control? What if the fatigue, the brain fog, the chronic conditions we've been told are just part of getting older are actually preventable? That's exactly what today's guest is here to talk about. Dr. Mark Hyman is a renowned functional medicine physician, bestselling author, and one of the leading voices in the science of longevity. His mission is simple: help people not just live longer, but better. In this conversation, Mark is gonna share some science-backed insights to help you improve your health, extend your lifespan, and defy aging. There's some serious gems in this one, so tune in and take notes. I'm so excited for this conversation, and there's so much to talk about, but I just wanna jump in and get started. So I was reading your book, I was researching you, and I found out that you wanna live to be 120 years old.

Oh, if I can do everything I love to do, yes. If I can't, no. Yeah, I'm still riding my bike at 119. I'll keep going.

That would be amazing. I also interviewed Dave Asprey a few times, and he tells me he wants to live to be 180 years old. So there's this trend of biohackers like you guys that want to live to be 120, 180 years old.

I would just say I'm not a biohacker, I'm a functional medicine physician. And so I use deep science, and it's not I mean, some of the tools are similar, but it's— functional medicine is really the ultimate biohack.

Yes, yes. And we're going to talk all about functional medicine, and I'm going to try to help my listeners understand what that is if they're not familiar. Uh, but you guys are on a quest to live as long as you can, right? So that's the two things that you guys have in common. Maybe it's not biohacking, but when I think about that, I think about frail, old, bedridden. Yeah, uh, I don't You know, really wanna live to be 120 years old, at least by today's standards. So I wanna understand, when you imagine yourself at 120 years old, what do you actually imagine yourself being capable to do? What does a 120-year-old and thriving look like?

I mean, it means being able to do whatever you'd love to do. If it's sitting in a rocking chair and read a book, it's that. If it's hiking up a mountain, it's that. If it's, uh, you know, making love with your partner, then it's that. So for me, it's really being able to get up in the morning and do whatever you love to do and not be. Encumbered by some of the conditions that are mostly preventable that we seem to think of as normal parts of aging. They're not really. And what, what's happening on the science is quite exciting. We're seeing a lot of research. For example, there's a Washington Post article recently about the Yamanaka factors, which is, uh, basically a scientific discovery that won the Nobel Prize. It allows you to reprogram your genes back to a younger you. It's called epigenetic reprogramming, and it's being researched by the Altos Lab and Jeff Bezos, and also by Sam Altman's lab. So there's a lot of really amazing research going on in this right now in the longevity space, that's going to be an unlock. For most of us, I think we can expect to get to our 90s or be 100, you know, vigorous and good health if we know what to do to take care of our bodies.

And I saw this all over the place, man. I was in Sardinia and I was in Ikaria, and I just saw people who are like really old and really thriving. And, and, you know, this woman was like 87 years old and she was like running up and down the, the side of this mountain. I couldn't keep up with her. And she was, you know, tending to her giant gardens and farm and animals and trees and You know, it was quite, it's quite amazing to see. So I think if we understand the things that impede our health, we can remove those. And if we understand the things that enhance our health, we can add those. And it's really not that hard. It's just knowing what to do.

Yeah. And I hope we can unpack some of that in this interview today. So I was listening to your audiobook, Young Forever. It was really entertaining. And you were talking about how you went to Sardinia and went to the Blue Zones. But talk to us about what actually sparked your interest in longevity?

Well, I've always been interested in the science of optimization in terms of how we, how we function. I mean, whether it's the word functional medicine or the company I co-founded, Function Health, the, the core value is how do we unlock how to function at your best and how to unlock the keys to optimal biological performance. And, and it's, it's really something that we're now only discovering. No one's really asked the question in medicine before, what is the definition of health? It's not the absence of disease, it's something else. And if you go to your doctor, you feel good, say, I want to feel better, I want to optimize my health, they don't know what to do. Like, if you have symptoms, great. If you have a disease, they'll give you a drug. But do they understand the science of creating health? No. That's what I've spent my life studying after medical school, the science of creating health. And it's something we now know how to do. And that's what's so exciting. We know We know the basic biological systems that go awry. And in the field of longevity, the science is really getting exciting 'cause we're talking about these concepts called the hallmarks of aging.

The hallmarks of aging are these fundamental biological things that go wrong or break down as we get older that are underlying all disease. It's like the roots or the trunk and all the branches and the leaves are all the diseases and all the specialties. So whether it's heart disease or cancer or diabetes or Alzheimer's or whatever it is, autism, depression, they share common roots. And, and there are only really a few things that, that impede health. You have to identify what those are. There are toxins, there's allergens, there's microbes that change your microbiome, there's your physical or psychological stress and poor diet, which most of us eat. And then there's a few things that our bodies need to thrive. You need to get rid of the bad stuff and put in the good stuff. And then there's ways of even sort of accelerating optimization of things. For example, like how do you optimize your mitochondria? How do you optimize your microbiome? How do you optimize your neurotransmitter function? How do you optimize your immune system? These are things that we now know how to do. If you say to your doctor, I wanna optimize my mitochondria, figure out how to optimize my immune system.

And they're not gonna know what to do. How do I optimize my microbiome? Take a probiotic, you know, eat fiber. You know, like they, they're not gonna really understand cuz it's not what they do. And I've spent the 40 years studying the function of the body and, and that's really what, what we kind of have come to in terms of understanding how to create these shifts in our biology that create abundant and vibrant health and that don't provide a breeding ground for disease.

So with traditional medicine, really, they're focused on, like, a specialty, right? They don't treat the whole body holistically. So can you give us an example of, like, okay, I go to the doctor and I'm like, hey, I'll give you an example.

I'll just tell you, patient, actual patient I had. I'm not going to use her name, but she was a business coach, about 50 years old. She was overweight, she had prediabetes, she had depression, she had migraines, she had reflux, she had irritable bowel, bloating. She had terrible psoriatic arthritis, which is this horrible condition where you get psoriasis all over your hand and skin and body. And you also get arthritis, which is debilitating. So she was on a drug for that that cost $50,000. She was seen by the best docs at one of the best healthcare centers in the world, and she was getting the best GI treatment for reflux, the best treatment for irritable bowel, the best treatment for depression. Quote, the best, meaning the best traditional view, the best treatment for migraines, the best treatment for her prediabetes, the best treatment for her psoriatic arthritis. And she was seeing a diff— doctor for every inch of her. And no one said, what is linking all these problems together? For her, it was inflammation. She had tremendous amounts of inflammation that were driving all these conditions. Now we know depression is inflammation, right? We know that if your gut's upset, it's, it's inflammation.

We know that obviously if you have inflamed skin and arthritis, that's inflammation. So we know that diabetes is inflammation, or prediabetes, or obesity is inflammation. So I said to myself, well, what are the root cause for her? You know, she was having so many gut issues that I believe those are the cause. She had severe bloating, she had all these history of taking antibiotics and steroids for various things, like for her autoimmune condition. And I said, why don't we just do something really simple? Rather than taking all these drugs, you can continue to take them, but in the meantime, let's just try you on a, on a whole foods, low sugar, low starch diet, which removes the common inflammatory triggers. And for my practice, for people who have autoimmune disease, getting rid of grains and beans, dairy, gluten, which is part of the grains, sugar, processed food, alcohol, really makes a difference. So I said, put her on that diet. I said, let's kind of reset your gut. I gave her an antibiotic and an antifungal to reset her gut, and then I gave her probiotics and things to rebuild her gut. And I gave her, I think, vitamin D and some fish oil.

Not a lot of stuff. And 6 weeks later, she comes back, says, Dr. Hyman, I got off all my drugs. I'm like, wait, I didn't tell you to do that. She said, no, I just was feeling so good. I just stopped everything. And she had no more psoriatic arthritis. Her skin cleared up. She had no more migraines. She had no more depression. She lost 20 pounds. Her prediabetes was gone. Her reflux was gone. Her irritable bowel was gone.. And so I just treated the root cause, not the symptom. And this inflammation is a common trigger for most chronic diseases. And for her, it was— for me, after seeing this for 30, 40 years of patients like this, I can see it when they walk in. I know exactly what's going on, and it's not that hard to treat. But she was getting all these symptom suppression treatments that weren't really working. They were marginally working. They were keeping her functioning, sort of, but they didn't really deal with the problem. So functional medicine is about really understanding the body as a network, as a system, as a system of systems that you have to keep optimized in order to live well.

And they map almost entirely perfectly across the hallmarks of aging that scientists are ever discovering. So when your mitochondria don't work, when your detox system doesn't work, when you have immune imbalances or hormone imbalances or neurotransmitter imbalances or your gut's off, these are things that we know, actually know how to treat. Your mitochondria aren't working. These are things we know how to treat with functional medicine.

And talk to us about how your company Function, uh, services these types of problems.

What we've done with Function is really create the first health, uh, platform that allows people to fully access their own data. Now, people are wearing Oura Rings, they're wearing Apple Watches, they're wearing glucose monitors. That's all great. That's just a few data points. But what if you could unlock all of your biology? What if you could know all of your biomarkers and your metabolism and your microbiome and your genome? Your wearables and your medical history and your EMR, your medical records, all gets into a platform that is personalized to you and allows you to identify where the imbalances are, where the dysfunctions are, and gives you deep insights and content based on machine learning AI to help you actually optimize your health for you. Because no two people are alike and everybody's different. And if we try to treat to the mean, we often miss the mark. And this is what medicine does. It treats to the mean. There's no average person, right? Everybody's different. And, you know, the studies work by something called randomized controlled, um, double-blind trials, which means control means you, you basically have two populations that are as identical to each other as possible.

So you wanna be a 70-kilogram white male from Kansas and you get 100 of those people and you put 50 in one group and 50 in another group and you give 'em a drug and you see what happens at the other side. That's how medicine operates. That, that 70-kilogram white male is not like 90% of us out there. Not you, it's not me. And, and so how do we, how do we move towards where medicine is going, which is personalization? What we call precision medicine, personalized medicine, whatever you want to call it. It's where we're going. And so Function Health is the first platform that is able to actually do this for you in an amazing way that helps people revolutionize their health. And it's— and we just started, honestly. This is a startup, and we didn't realize how much success we were going to have. And so, you know, we have almost 150,000 members. We have, you know, millions, tens of millions of data points on people. We're seeing all kinds of trends in the data. We see that people actually when they get their first test and then now we've been going 2 years, we can see that when they follow up and do the follow-up testing that their biomarkers get better, their blood sugar gets better, their cholesterol gets better, their inflammation gets better, their vitamin D gets better, whatever is off.

And we give them a deep dive into what's going on with their biology, not just from a traditional perspective, traditional sort of Western medical perspective, but also this emerging field of systems network medicine, which is what functional medicine has been doing.

But now the rest of the science is catching up, which is very exciting to me. Yeah, fam, when I started my business as a side hustle, I was working full-time at Disney. But once I started bringing consistent revenue and I had retainer clients, I knew it was time to go full swing into entrepreneurship. But nobody warns you about all the unsexy and complicated stuff you need to start a business. But luckily, this is exactly what Northwest Registered Agent is built for. They are the largest registered agent and LLC service in the US. And they've been helping entrepreneurs launch and grow legit protected businesses for nearly 30 years. When you form with Northwest, you get a complete business identity that includes a business address, a registered agent service, which by the way is really important and makes sure that you know if you're getting sued and things like that, an operating agreement, professional email, domain, website, phone number, and built-in privacy all in one place, all handled in-house. And the best part is you get thousands of free guides, tools, and attorney-drafted documents to help you run your business with confidence. Don't pay hundreds or thousands of dollars for what you can get from Northwest for free.

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Indeed.com/podcast. Terms and conditions apply. Need to hire? This is a job for Indeed Sponsored Jobs. Yeah, fam, in business, communication is part of the client experience. Think about it. When you need to buy something or book a service urgently and the first business doesn't answer, do you sit around and wait? Of course not. You call the next business on your list. And that's exactly what your potential clients and customers are doing when you miss their calls. And by the way, your voicemail is not a sales strategy. That's why today's episode is brought to you by Qo, spelled Q-U-O, the business communication system built so you can never miss a call. With Qo, your team can manage calls and texts from one shared business number, so every customer conversation lives in one place. The full thread, voicemail, transcript, and contact details are all there for you, which means no more, wait, who talked to this client last? There'll be no more confusion. Your team is on the same page, and Qo's AI makes it even easier by logging calls, creating summaries, and flagging next steps automatically. So your team can move fast without losing context. Because to your clients, fast, organized communication doesn't just feel convenient, it feels professional.

Money's on the line. Always say hello with QWO. Try QWO for free, plus get 20% off your first 6 months when you go to qwo.com/profiting. That's qwo.com/profiting. qwo.com/profiting. My first question to you, I mentioned biohacking and you kind of like got like a little offended when I, when I, when I tried to compare what you were doing with biohacking.

Yeah. But when I hear you talking about it and you're talking about personalization and figuring out like, you know, your biological age.

To me, that's, you know, I've been doing this podcast for 6 years and had a lot of people on the show and it sounds a lot like biohacking. So, so what's the difference?

Well, I think biohacking tends to be around things like, you know, hot and cold plunges, hyperbaric chambers, red light therapy, all these devices and tools and things to optimize your health, which are fine. They're, they're, they work and they're, they're mediated by biological processes and I use those. However, if someone comes in like that woman that I just described to you, no biohacker in the world's gonna fix her because they don't understand the science around functional medicine. Now, if they're a trained, you know, practitioner, fine, they'll, they'll figure it out, or hopefully they'll figure it out. But, but when you, when you, when you just use these modalities without trying to understand what the underlying root cause is, you're, you're, you're, it's another symptomatic treatment. You might feel better for a little bit. You go in a sauna, you go in a cold plunge, you feel good. But then what? You know, you still have your arthritis, you still have all your autoimmune disease, you still have your migraines, you still have whatever you got. And no one's telling you how to figure out the root of that. So I'm not, I'm not opposed to it.

And Dave's a good friend and I, I love Dave Asprey. And, you know, we, we, we hang out and talk all the time and I learn from him. And there's other, there's all kinds of great tools that I personally use and have. I'm just saying that, that functional medicine is, is sort of the OG biohacking in a sense, cuz it's really about understanding much deeper level what's going on biologically, biochemically, genetically, your microbiome in ways that I think most people just— it's a lot to take in. And the problem is there's 37 billion billion chemical reactions in your body every second. Nobody can understand all that. And you have tens of thousands of metabolites in your blood and chemicals. We do 19 on a regular panel. With functional health, we do 499, which is $15,000 worth of tests for less than $500. And you get over 110 biomarkers and you can add on other things as well to go deeper dives into whether you're exposed to chemicals, whether you're at Alzheimer's risk, whether you have immune issues, whether you have Lyme disease. We provide you a really deep, robust platform where you get to be driving the bus.

You don't have to go to a doctor, you don't have to ask for permission, you don't have to beg for the requisition, you don't have to go to the— trying to find a lab that will order. You have to get your insurance to pay for it. I have insurance. I go to the lab and my doctor ordered some stuff that I wanted to do. And it was outside of Function. And, um, and she's like, well, it'll pay for this test but not this test, and this test but not this test. You know, I'd be charged for that, you'd be charged. I'm like, oh, you know, it's like— but that's what Function solves all of that. And you have this beautiful integrated dashboard where you have your data forever and you track it over time. You get an app which helps give you direct feedback, and it's, it's a very, very, um, integrated experience into your life.

Yeah, and I feel like it's really needed because, to your point, the rest of the medical world is kind of stuck in this traditional process that really isn't working. And the other thing is that's not working is actually treating aging's symptoms and not the root cause. And one of the other big principles that you talk about is treating aging like an actual disease. So why is that important?

Well, I think, you know, we come to sort of accept that as you get older, you have cancer, you get heart disease, you get diabetes, you lose muscle, your brain function declines, you lose your ability to do things. These are not normal consequences of aging. Frailty is not a normal consequence of aging. It's a consequence, a phenomenon that happens as we get older if we don't do something about it. And all of us have seen those 90-year-old ladies doing gymnastics and the 100-year-old people running the 100-yard dash. It's kind of crazy stuff like that, right? And so what is it about those people? Well, they have understood by accident or by studying that there are certain behaviors that foster optimal health. It's eating whole foods, unprocessed diet, is low sugar and low starch and full of phytochemicals and fiber and adequate amounts of protein, especially more protein than animal protein as you get older because it's harder to assimilate and build. You need to make sure you exercise and do strength training and you need flexibility, you need cardiovascular training and stability training. They understand you need good sleep. They understand they need to manage their stress and their own emotional regulation..

And they also have deep social connections and relationships that foster a sense of belonging, which all are ingredients for optimal health. And when you look at people like in the Blue Zones, that's basically what they have. It's not that they were vegans or not vegan. It was that they had these other factors and that they were profoundly impacted just by default by these situations that they found themselves born into, which we totally in the West don't have. Like, we're the opposite. We have dysregulated sleep schedules. We have tremendous amounts of stress. We eat crappy food. We don't exercise enough. You know, like we got my Oura Ring told me I didn't exercise enough yesterday. I was like, a busy day. So, you know, there's all these things that we're doing to impede our ability to actually live a vibrant, long, healthy life.

Well, you seem to be doing a good job because your biological age is 43, but you're in your 60s, is that right?

Yeah, well, I got my biological age done when I was 62 and I was 43. Then I implemented more of the things that I learned and some,, you know, some other strategies. And I went, I got 2 years older at 64, and I redid my biological age, it was 39. So I went, even though I got 2 years older chronologically, I got 4 years younger biologically. So that's, that's the power we have. And, and this is what we call epigenetic reprogramming. Now, I mentioned earlier the Amanaka factors and so forth. These are, these are sort of pie in the sky things that have to be tested in humans and make sure they're safe and effective. But right now, I mean, even with what we know, by optimizing and tweaking, you can actually still reverse your epigenetic biological age at any point in your life. And you can, it, it's, it's, it can go backwards or forwards, you know, like if you kind of go on a bender or whatever, you don't sleep and you party and you eat crappy food, you'll get older biologically. And then you can change that and reprogram and go back.

I wouldn't recommend this though. So give us like concrete things, like what did you do to reverse your age 20 years?

Well, I've been doing this my whole life, so I know it wasn't like I was 64 and then I, biologically. And then I, in 5 years, I reversed that to 43. So, okay, I, I have been eating whole foods my whole life. I've been not eating processed foods. I don't remember the last time I had a soda. I mean, I probably was a kid. Uh, I exercised my entire life for the last 50 years. I have, um, you know, made sure I prioritize community, connection, sleep, and, and, and manage stress. And, and all those things play a role. And then I've done things to optimize my microbiome, my mitochondria, my immune system, and those have all really helped. So all those things kind of just kind of nudge you back into healthier state. And there's some supplements and things I've taken that I think have made a difference. I've taken urolithin A. I take amino acids that help be assimilated. I also take something that's called NMN, which is a precursor of NAD that helps also revitalize your cells. So I do a number of different things that I think are important from a supplement perspective, but I think most of it's— that's like the 10%.

The rest of it is the 80% to 90%.

And that's what if we were to use Function, the platform, it would help us figure out, like, okay, what's our biological age? And these are the things you need to do related to functional medicine to help. That's what it does.

Yeah. We do a calculation based on your biomarkers of what your biological age is based on scientific data that shows certain blood biomarkers correlate with your epigenetic biological age.. And you can see it go backwards or forwards. Now, if you do different tests, you're gonna get different numbers, right? Some tests will, you know, like some tests will be like 5 years younger or 10 years younger. And, and so you, you may not, you, you may not kind of be able to compare apples to apples by switching tests, but if you stay with the same test consistently, you'll see the changes.

Yeah. Okay. So I wanna get really nerdy because I'm sure people have been listening and they're like, I have no idea what epigenetics is. And so there's two terms I want you to break down. Epigenomes and exposome, right? I know that. So one is about how our genes are expressed, one is our environmental exposure. So break those down.

Yeah, so basically there's a concept that I think is really important called the exposome. We all have been taught that our genes control who we are. They're our destiny. Whatever we got, we got. We can't change it. Our parents got diabetes, our parents got cancer, our parents got whatever, heart disease. It's just kind of in our future. Your genes are not your destiny. They may provide you with a roadmap of what your predispositions are, but not your destiny. So what controls your destiny? It's something called the exposome. That is a sum total of everything that you're exposed to throughout your life that washes over your biology, including your genes, and reprograms them based on what you're doing. If you're eating like me, if you had a whole foods diet, if you exercise, you do all these things for 50 years, you're gonna be biologically younger. Your epigenetics are going to track as if you're younger. And I'll talk about epigenetics. So the exposome is what you eat, it's your exercise, your nutrient levels, it's stress management, it's community, it's sleep, it's all the things we've just talked about. Light, air, water, all those things. I went out in bright sunlight this morning for 20 minutes.

All those things matter. That influences how your biology is regulated. We're biological organisms and we're controlled in the same way by our external factors. So the exposome is literally everything from toxins to your gut microbiome to your diet, to sleep, everything that your, your body's exposed to. That's why we call it the exposome. Your epigenome is how the exposome regulates your biology. Now, what is the epigenome? Epi means above. So you've got your genes, you got about 20,000 genes, uh, your epigenome. And then, and then you think about like the, uh, the keyboards on a, on a, on a piano, right? You got 88 keys. They ain't changing. You know, I got 20,000 genes. They ain't changing unless I do gene editing or splicing or some other weird thing that's coming around the corner. They're not changing. What can change is how those genes are expressed, how they're turned on or off, whether they're upregulated or downregulated, whether they drive inflammation or stop inflammation, whether they accelerate aging or slow aging. And they, they are basically the control mechanisms to turn on or off genes. So think of them like switches or knobs, and you can dial them up or down based on what you're doing.

And that's how almost all of the impacts of of a lot of the practices we talked about have their effect. That's how the exposome regulates your health and longevity and your biology and your risk of disease is through your epigenome, then translates into the expression of genes and proteins and biological functions. And you want to have a healthy epigenome. And, you know, there was a great example, for example, Randy Jornal, who discovered this kind of phenomena, was these mice that are bred to be obese. So they're, you're yellow, they're fat, basically yellow fat mice. He gave a series of the, the females who are pregnant certain nutrients called methylating nutrients that regulate the epigenome. So it's a little complicated, but there's something called methylation, which is a chemical process that regulates your genes and involves B6, folate, and B12. So vitamins and minerals are extremely important. They run everything in your body. Every biochemical reaction needs a vitamin or mineral. And, and if you don't have 'em or they're insufficient, you're gonna have gummed up biochemistry. And gummed up biochemistry translates into disease. So he basically gave these pregnant mice some B vitamins and a few other amino acids and things to help to support this process.

The offspring were perfect. They were thin, they were healthy, they were gray. They were not yellow fat mice, even though genetically they were bred to be yellow fat mice. And this was a massive discovery. And I think this is what really has led to our understanding of this whole process of how we can modify our epigenome and the outcomes. So what your mother's eating when she's pregnant with you, you know, the stresses you experience, you know, in utero that your mother might have experienced, or all your early childhood experiences, all those imprint on your epigenome and can affect you. Toxins you're exposed to. So this is why we have to sort of pay attention to how we live, because if we want to feel good and, and do good and engage in life and do the work we want to do and be successful in our work and have great relationships and enjoy life and be happy, If you feel like crap, it's not that much fun.

Yeah. So true. And so from what I read, like 90% of disease and aging risks has to do with our environment, our exposome, right? And so the earlier that we start, the better is what you were just saying, right? We can even start from in the womb if our mothers are smart enough.

That's right. Yeah. I've seen women wanting to get pregnant. I measure their toxin load. I'm like, whoa. We got to do something about this. We got to reduce your exposures to toxins. You've got to get these heavy metals down because you want a healthy baby. And so we were able to proactively do preconception work. I had a whole podcast about that on the Doctor's Pharmacy. Now it's called the Dr. Hyman Show. And we dove deep into what you need to know preparing for a baby, what happens when you're pregnant, how do you take care of yourself, what are the things that matter scientifically to optimize the chance of having a healthy baby.

On the flip side, is there any time that's, like, too late to get started? On this?

Oh God, no. I mean, what's really amazing in, in one of the animal studies they've given rapamycin, which is something that is a drug discovered in Rapa Nui that inhibits this pathway called one of the longevity switches. I call longevity switches that, that control so much. So mTOR is one of these, and mTOR essentially is a pathway that is going to help you build muscle, but also when it's activated and when it's inactivated or inhibited in some way, it's going to allow the cells to replenish and repair called through this process called autophagy, which basically means you're eating your old cells and you're reusing the parts. It's recycling. So it's cleaning up the mess that we make all the time in our bodies. Where does that garbage go? Right? Somebody has to fix it. So rapamycin inhibits that and accelerates the autophagy process. And then given in the right ways, it extends life and extends health in animal models consistently and reliably. And so there are interesting ways that we can sort of activate these longevity switches in pathways. And I talk about that a lot in my book, Young Forever. And how do we understand how these work, what we can do?

And it's not complicated. There's a few simple practices, sometimes a few supplements that can really help modulate some of these, these pathways that activate the longevity switches.

Okay, so one more really nerdy question, and that's about mitochondria. So you say the difference between a 3-year-old and a 90-year-old is a number and the state of their mitochondria. So help us understand what mitochondrial dysfunction has to do with aging.

Yeah. Great, great question. So this is one of the hallmarks of aging is mitochondrial dysfunction. It's key to so many diseases. Your mitochondria, I think of them as like the powerhouse of your cell, little energy factories. They take food and oxygen, turn into energy that your body uses. And we use gasoline or carb and it combusts and creates the energy. What we run on is something called ATP. It's just a molecule produced from food and oxygen. And the waste products are carbon dioxide, which we breathe out, and water, which we pee out, and some free radicals, which we have antioxidant mechanisms to control. And what happens is they're your energy, right? So if you have poor functioning mitochondria, you're gonna have low energy, you're gonna, you're gonna be weaker, you're gonna have lower muscle mass. So, you know, the key to longevity is keeping your mitochondria healthy and keeping them strong and actually help having better and more mitochondria. And so the way to do that is by exercise. So resistance training builds muscle and mitochondria, sprint training or HIIT training does that as well. Exercise with oxygen therapy, hypoxia training does that. A lot of ways to do it.

There's supplements like, um, uh, Urolithin A, which is— causes mitophagy and mitochondrial renewal. Um, there are mitochondrial support supplements sometimes that you need. So there, there are a lot of ways to optimize your mitochondria, but they're injured by too much food, too much sugar and starch, too many, too many environmental toxins. Uh, all those things from the microbiome that are bad, all those things can damage your mitochondria. So learning about your mitochondria, how to take care of them, is really important. And again, it's one of the things we, we kind of can look at. As we start to test things and see what's going on in our bodies.

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Sehr gut?

Wieso? Steuer ist sehr gut. Das sagen ganz viele. Cool. Wer sagt das? Stiftung Warentest, Computerbild, Focus Money, Chip, Finanztipp. Such dir was aus.

Mega.

Aber das ist doch bestimmt kompliziert. Nö. Einfach Foto von der Lohnsteuerbescheinigung machen und fertig. Klingt sehr gut. Ist sehr gut. Hol dir dein Geld zurück mit Wieso Steuer. Okay, I want to talk about your drive of wanting to live so long, because one of the factors that you mentioned is like having a purpose, um, and, and feeling like, you know, you've got a way to contribute to the world. So why do you actually want to live so long?

Well, I, I love life, and I, as long as I can enjoy life and be with my friends and do the things I love and ride my bike and hike and enjoy what I'm doing and have meaning and purpose and contribute to the world and add value. You know, I'm 65. I kind of figured a few things out by now. And, you know, wisdom always doesn't come with age, but I've had a bunch of hard knocks and that's really taught me a lot. And so I kind of feel happy and content and satisfied and like I want to keep going. So, I mean, I don't really care if I get to 120 or 100 or 99 or 95 or 90. I just wanna feel good and do good.

It makes a lot of sense. And I'm really excited for this generation of 60-year-olds because I just feel like in the past, you know, when you're in your 60s, it's all about like retirement. And I feel like a lot of people right now are actually like taking on second careers and realizing that they really have a lot more time to live and people are taking advantage of that. So like, what are your thoughts in terms of people around your age who, like, want to take on a new career, or— Yeah, yeah. Tell me.

I mean, I, you know, I'm 65, and 2 years ago I co-founded a company. It's a big startup company right now. So, I mean, who does startups in their 60s? Most people are, like, looking at golf courses and not startups. And, and I, I'm— I mean, I want to contribute to the world. I want to do things. I get excited. We're building, we're creating, we're, we're dreaming, we're imagining a different future for healthcare and medicine. We're adding value to people's lives. I mean, it's something to get up for every morning and to be excited about and take all the things that I know that are almost impossible for any single doctor to synthesize and to sort through and make sense of and provide each individual with a personalized approach to their health that's going to actually optimize how they feel. And that's really the key here, is to end needless suffering. And for me, that's my purpose and that's my mission. And plus having fun, enjoying my life and my wife and everybody around me.

Yeah, I love that. So it's hard for me to imagine at the same time, like I see people living older, but it's also hard for me to imagine, especially in the West, because I feel like things are more unhealthy than ever. Um, the food in the grocery store is terrible. It's like everything comes in a cardboard box.

Mm-hmm.

Mm-hmm. Um, our water supply is really scary and it feels like there's no good water. It's either like you're getting plastic or you're drinking from, you know, a dirty, uh, faucet, right? And so for me, it just feels almost impossible to kind of navigate, uh, food, which you say is medicine. So talk to us about how we should try to navigate our diets and, um, also like maybe like what changes need to happen in America for us to actually live healthier lives and longer lives.

This is something I've been working on for a long time and I wrote a book called Food Fix, which lays out from field to fork what's wrong with our food system. And if there's one thing that's killing us aside from environmental toxins, stress, and our sleep schedule, it's probably 80% food. And it's something that we can control and do something about. And unless we actually take it seriously and fix our food system, we're kind of in a mess. And so right now there's a resurgence of interest in health around the country. There's the Make America Healthy Again movement. And so there's an energy happening. And in Washington, working on policies to bring those dangerous to the average American. For example, in West Virginia, they got rid of red dyes and other dyes. In California, they did the same thing. These are great steps to start to push the food system to produce healthier food for all of us.

And something that's really hot right now is GLPs, right? I have mixed feelings about them. Um, I feel like it's good for— personally, I'm not a doctor, right? But I think it's good if you have a real problem. But I see normal people who might just need to lose 10, 20 pounds. Take GLP. So what are your thoughts around that?

I think for most people— and I literally just got a text from somebody this morning saying, my cousin read your book, they lost 100 pounds. My, my person who's working with me in Washington around food policy, she lost 112 pounds in the last few years working with me without taking these drugs. Now, some people are really stuck. And if you're stuck and you need help and you have not really addressed the underlying reasons why you eat, it's not what you're eating, it's what's eating you. You got to figure that out. It's really important to do that. And, and I think when people do that, they, they don't necessarily have to take these drugs, which are, are helpful. They can be extremely helpful, but they also come with side effects— muscle loss, weight regain if you stop. They can have other issues, you know, like pancreatic issues and pancreatitis, and they can cause bowel obstruction if you take it for a long time. So they can be a good tool, but they're just a tool. They're not a panacea. And I think, I think they've helped a lot of people. I'm not against them. I think they're kind of used in ways that sometimes don't make sense to me.

Why give a 6-year-old an Ozempic shot for the rest of his life? You know, it's not his fault he's overweight. It's the environment he's in. And I think that can actually get, get really fixed. So I think it's important for people to, to understand that, that they, they have power and that the, the food industry has basically hijacked our brain chemistry, our metabolism, our, our desires for different foods. And these are things that can actually be changed. You can literally change your brain chemistry and, and have an incredibly powerful shift in your cravings and your desire for foods. You know, for example, people go on keto, they don't really need, uh, Ozempic because naturally they're— the way they're eating will shut off that, that craving. And that— and the food addiction is a real thing. About 14% of adults and kids are addicted to food. Biologically addicted. This is really based on good evidence from Yale Food Addictions Scale and deep science around the world. We looked at this. This is just horribly sad and horribly sort of unfortunate because we, we really don't need to do that. We really, we can't, we can fix our food supply.

We can fix this problem. And it has to be done at grassroots level. It has to be done at state level. It has to be done at federal level. It's going to take time. But we're working with the FDA, working with the USDA, with HHS, the administration, as best we can to try to changes through my nonprofit.

I've also heard that there's food companies already trying to figure out how to, like, circumvent GLPs so that people still crave their food, right?

So, so yeah, that's, that's even crazier when you think of it. Like, wow, they're really just going to go there. They're literally going to just kind of circumvent Ozempic by making food even more addictive.

Yeah, that's the state of the world that we're in, so we've got to take control. Um, so let's talk about our ancestors because when I was listening to your book, I was surprised cuz we are always thinking about how we live so long now. And, and when you think about the past, you might think like people died at like 30, 40, but there's actually cases in history where people have lived to be a very old age. So talk to us about how our ancestors ate and maybe some examples of people who lived really long, uh, back in the day.

Well, I think, you know, when you look for example at the, at the Native Americans, um, one of the longest populations in the world until the turn of the 1900s was the Plains Indians. They had almost most of their diet from bison, and then they had berries and they had probably wild stuff they gathered, but predominantly their diet was meat. And they lived to be like well over 100 and highly functional and active. And these populations around the world where you see people like I was in Turkey and they know it's not a technical Blue Zone, but Man, there are a lot of really old people who are doing great, you know, who are in their 80s, 90s, still working, still thriving, still making part of the community. And I think it's when you stop, you stop. Like, I think retirement is the worst idea ever invented. You know, I don't really get it. But, but, you know, people don't retire. They just shift and change what they're doing. And I think in these communities and when you see these people living to be very old, it's because they found meaning, purpose. They've learned how to not sort of internalize the stresses of life.

They learned how to modulate their own diet and lifestyle to optimize their health, and they just kind of figured it out.

Let's stick on community a bit, um, because you say it's also a factor in longevity. You say you're only as healthy as your 5 closest friends.

Tell us about it. Well, think about it. If all your friends are, you know, going to McDonald's and drinking beer and eating, you know, 2 liters of soda a day, and watching TV all the time, you know, that's kind of what you're gonna be probably like. And if you are, have friends who are healthy and going, go to yoga and drink green juices and exercise and eat whole foods and, you know, get together and share these things, then you're more likely gonna be healthy. And it's just, it's just so clear. Christakis from Harvard did a lot of work on this. He wrote a book called Connected, but he published research in the New England Journal of Medicine showing that, for example, from the Framingham data, which is a large study, one of the largest studies, longest going studies in the world in Framingham, Massachusetts, tracking their population. He found that those people who actually, when they looked at the patterns around obesity, that you were about 40% likely to be overweight if your parents or siblings were overweight, but you were 171% more likely to be overweight if your friends are overweight.

Wow.

Yeah. So your social connections matter and your relationships matter.. You know, like, I mean, if you're somebody who just stays up all night playing video games and you're living in America and your friends are playing video games in Australia, I mean, your sleep-wake cycle, your circadian rhythm, everything's going to be off. So the people in the communities that you have to surround yourself with, make sure they're people who are leaning in towards wellness and health as opposed to, you know, not that.

That's so interesting. Now, I don't want everybody tuning in to, like, become, like, fat-phobic, you know, like we've got. But at the same At the same time, you've gotta pay attention to your— it's the same thing. If people are like doing drugs around you, you're more likely to do drugs. So food can also be as bad as a drug. We've gotta think of it that way. So if there was one thing that you could remove from the grocery stores, what would it be?

It would be high fructose corn syrup. Like that, you'd kind of cut out most of the shit in the grocery store. Yeah, that's probably what I would do.

Yeah. And then what is your—

oh, go ahead. No, that's what I think. Trans fats have been removed for the most part, which is great, but you want to make sure you're getting rid of those two things, trans fats and high fructose corn syrup. Just getting rid of that alone will make a huge difference. Or just even reading the ingredient list. If there's an ingredient on there that you don't have at home that you wouldn't use in your kitchen, like butylated hydroxytoluene or maltodextrin or monodiglycerides, you probably shouldn't eat it.

I heard something once, if you can't kill it or grow it, you shouldn't eat it. And I always think about that when I'm eating food.

Yeah, totally right.

So a lot of our listeners are entrepreneurs. They have very busy schedules. Sometimes it can get really overwhelming trying to follow different nutrition advice. So in the simplest terms, what should we be eating?

I've written so many books about this food. What should I eat? The Pegan Diet, which is sort of a condensed version with some kind of fun stuff in it. And what we agree on is more than what we disagree on. You can get on the margins about vegan or paleo or keto or this or that. But the truth is we all agree we shouldn't be eating processed, ultra-processed food. We all agree we should be reducing starch and sugar, refined carbohydrates in our diet. We shouldn't shouldn't be eating things that aren't food technically, like maltodextrin or butylated hydroxytoluene or red dye number 3. We should be eating foods that are high in phytochemicals that we think of as food as medicine, where it changes everything in our biology in real time. We should be thinking about having good quality fats from nuts and seeds and avocados and wild fish, small fish. And even for some people tolerate animal fats very well, especially if it's regeneratively raised. They have very different qualities of fats. There's a lot of really good things you can do that are available from the diet that you can get even anywhere. I mean, I've worked with people in the worst food deserts in America and they've actually been able to make a huge impact and change their diet if they actually do the right things and they will, they'll actually have a huge shift in their diet by actually doing this.

So I'm very, I'm pretty thrilled by how simple it is. But when people understand how to do it, then it, then it obviously changes.

Okay, so talk to us about exercise. I feel like there's a lot of mixed advice when it comes to exercise. What's your take on the right amount, too much exercise?

Yeah, I think, I think the, you know, exercise is critical. Your body needs to move, there's no doubt about it. We were designed to be moving organisms all the time, and that's kind How we evolved. Now, most of us don't do enough, and that's unfortunate. And I think, you know, we don't, I think, I think 8% get the optimal amount, 23% we get some moderate amount. But the key is to actually understand what's good for you. And it's different at different times of your life, you know, but I think you need at least 30 minutes of good cardio, 4 or 5 times a week, 3 times a week of strength training. Probably a week or a day or two of flexibility and training and stability training. That's kind of bare minimum. If you can do that, you're going to maintain your health and be, and be good for a long time.

You've said in the past that strength training is the best anti-aging medicine. What's so good about it?

Because what you're doing is you're building muscle, you're building mitochondria, you're increasing muscle mass. And what, what really kills people is frailty. When you get older, you get frail. You're not able to get up out of a chair. You're not able to do the things you love to do. Your mobility is decreased, your functions decrease. That's all totally preventable by strength And you have to work harder as you get older because the body doesn't really, unfortunately, it doesn't work as well. So you have to do a little more effort to get the same benefit. And I think that's something people have to do, but it's not optional. Like exercise is just not optional.

I agree. Okay, last question for you and then we're going to close out this interview. So the average listener's age on my podcast is 35 years old. And they're typically an entrepreneur. So let's say I gave you a 35-year-old, they're stressed, exhausted, running on coffee. If you had a year to transform their health and performance, what are the things that you would change?

I would immediately have them get on a whole foods diet that I just talked about. I'd have them just follow the principles of eat real food, uh, eat low sugar, starch, good fats, adequate protein for where you are in your life phase. And it varies depending on where you are. Lots of phytochemicals, lots of fiber, and just start there. And if you're really having any health issues, I'd probably do my 10-day detox program, which is essentially a reset. Just 10daydetox.com with the 10-day detox. And what really is amazing about it is that people get a reset. It's like putting your body back to its original factory settings, and you can see where food is impacting you. Oh, I didn't know that. Oh, my rash was caused by food. Or I didn't know that my migraines were caused by what I was eating. Or I didn't know that my joint pain was caused by what I was eating, or my sleep problem was caused by eating. So you get a really quick reset and then you can start to add foods back in. So that would be number one is get your food straight and that's, you know, timing, planning, organizing.

It's really important. The amount of time you spend on your business, fraction of that you spend on your health, you'll get a lot of dividends from that. Getting a regular exercise routine, not that hard. Just even if you just wanna walk 30 minutes, a few walking phone calls, that's good. Better than nothing. You don't have a walking treadmill, you can, you know, do fun, more fun things. I like to bike, I like to, you know, do more, more, you know, mountain biking and road biking and tennis and other things that kind of are fun for me. I like to make exercise fun. Strength training, I've gotten into more and more, and it's been profound in terms of effect on my body, even as I'm older. I think learning how to regulate your nervous system is important. You know, self-soothing is not something we learn how to do. We get activated, reactive. But learning how to practice, whether it's breathwork or meditation or some practice where you're resetting your nervous system, because we're all in parasympathetic deficit, we need to be relaxing more. And then I think build community because, you know, as you're building something and going through stuff, you know, when getting isolated is the worst thing you can do for a human being.

And so I think having that ability to, to sort of work with, uh, your friends to kind of build a fun community experience is really important. And that's something that, you know, it's been really important to me, especially as I've gotten older, is just invest in your friendships because when everything else goes, that's what'll be left.

Totally. Yeah. So that was great advice on an individual level. And a lot of the people tuning in are entrepreneurs and we help move society forward. And, you know, we have this big shift from traditional to functional medicine. We're trying to combat the food industries. Can you talk to us about some of the opportunities that you see for entrepreneurs to kind of capitalize on all these changes?

Well, I think, you know, the, the, the health and wellness market is a trillion-dollar market. And then, you know, there's a lot of ways people are entering that, but if you can figure out, you know, what you love and the intersection of what you love and you know, what people need. Often businesses are started from people's own needs. Like, I need to, I need to fix my own health. So I, as a physician, I got very sick when I was in my 30s. I got chronic fatigue syndrome from heavy metals, and I was struggling a lot, and I had to actually sort of figure it out. And that forced me to learn about what I learned about. It forced me to study the way I studied, to actually find this field of functional medicine, to use it on myself. To heal and repair. And so that's kind of what I encourage people to do is figure out that intersection of what you love. That's just driven me because it's not like a choice. I don't have a choice. It's not like I'm making widgets or something. It's fine to make widgets. We all need widgets.

But the key is really to kind of figure out how you can do this in a way that it syncs with what you love, because otherwise you won't really do it.

Great advice. Okay, so I end my show with 2 questions I ask all my guests. It could be like totally different from what we talked about today. Just answer from your heart. So what is one actionable thing our young improfitters can do today to become more profitable tomorrow?

Well, what your success is really determined by the quality of how you feel. So if you're able to function at a high level and do the things you wanna do and not be held back by illness or struggles, you are, you are going to be able to function at a much higher level and do whatever you wanna do, whether it's, you know, just kind of buzz off and go kind of get early retirement, or whether it's you want to build a company or whatever you want to do, you know, you have the capacity to, to be highly functional when you feel better. And then so investing in your health is such an important thing from my perspective. You know, I see a lot of people who have great businesses and companies and they build these things, they're rich, they have all this stuff, and they're lonely, they're isolated, they're unhealthy, they're sick, they don't feel good. I mean, that is the last thing you want, right?

Totally. And your book Young Forever really is just like a, a blueprint for how to do that.

Absolutely.

Yeah. And what would you say your secret to profiting in life is? And this can go beyond business.

I think, I mean, the, the secret to profiting in life again is, is to, um, focus on the things you love and to do what you're passionate about. Because, you know, if you, if you try to force something in your life you know, the best things that happen are often serendipitous. They're often, they often come to you. They're ideas, they're people, they're experiences. I feel like there's sort of an underlying kind of current where we can kind of jump into it. And if we're, if we're present, we're able to see actually what pulls us in. And when we do that, you become more profitable. I've never, I've never sought to make money in my life. I've never tried to make money. I've never said I'm going to do a business to make money. I'm going to do this to make money. I'm doing what I'm doing because I feel like it's critical for myself and for the people who I care about and for the population at large. It's like I just can't help myself. So I think when you do that and you have a mission and you're driven, then it's not about the money.

Love it. And Mark, where can everybody learn more about you and everything that you do? I know you're so easily found, but where do you want to point people?

Well, you can go to drhyman.com. If you want to try the 10-day detox, you can go to Dr. Hyman. Uh, that time you'll find everybody just go to Skinny Detox Diet. I'm on social media, Dr. Mark Hyman, and I have a podcast, The Dr. Hyman Show, the top 200 podcasts out there.

So it's doing well.

Awesome.

Cool. Thank you so much for joining us on Young and Profiting Podcast.

My pleasure. My pleasure.

Hey, App Fam, we are about to launch something that might be my favorite thing we've ever done on the podcast, a brand new series called How We be profit. Now, I've been doing Young and Profiting Podcast for 8 years and my listeners are successful. We are real entrepreneurs with real businesses, and a lot of you guys are crushing it behind the scenes. You may not be super famous, you may not be a billionaire yet, but you've got a business that you've learned how to scale, and we wanna hear from you. One of the best ways to learn as an entrepreneur is from your peers, and I found it super helpful to be in these peer entrepreneurship groups. Groups and learn from other entrepreneurs who are at my level, but just in a different industry. So that's what I wanna bring to this podcast. I want this to be our own peer group, but on the podcast. And so I'm gonna be interviewing people who are making anywhere from $500,000 to $10 million a year. They're not super famous. They're not the typical billionaires that are on my show. These are real entrepreneurs who are crushing it behind the scenes, and we're gonna uncover what they do to sell, how they get their customers, what their profit margin looks like, how they market, And so much more.

If this sounds like you and you wanna be featured on Young and Profiting Podcast for our How We Profit series, just head to youngandprofiting.com/apply and share your story. Let me know why you think you should be featured on the show. Again, that's youngandprofiting.com/apply. And who knows, maybe you'll be our next guest on Young and Profiting Podcast.