Transcript of Trudeau Resigns, Guantanamo Prisoner Release, Minneapolis Police Reform

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is resigning after facing mounting calls to step down.

After a landslide victory during his first run as Prime Minister, how did he become so unpopular?

Ami Martinez, that's Michelle Martin, and this is up first from NPR News. Nearly half of the detainees have been released from the US military base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Only 15 men remain. What led to the dramatic transfers in the weeks of the Biden administration.

Major changes are coming to the Minneapolis Police Department almost five years after the murder of George Floyd. We now have a roadmap for reform that will help this community heal while strengthening trust between law enforcement and the people they serve. Stay with us. We'll give you the news you need to start your day.

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Npr international affairs correspondent, Jackie Northam, has been following Trudeau's rise and fall over the years, and she's with us now to tell us more about it. Good morning, Jackie. Morning, Michelle. Jackie, they've been calls for months now for Trudeau to resign, even from members of his own liberal party. What happened?

Well, momentum had been building for some time for him to step aside. His poll numbers and the parties are in the low 20s. A couple of weeks ago, Christian Freeland, who was both his Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister, resigned, and she had been a key He's a steadfast ally for Trudeau. Frankly, he faced a no-confidence vote, and it was pretty clear he was going to lose that, and he likely wanted to get ahead of it, so he announced his resignation.

This is quite a fall for somebody who, more than nine years ago, had a landslide victory during his first run as Prime Minister. Just tell us more about him.

Well, you're right. I mean, he won by a landslide. He had or has a matiné, idol looks. He was tall, athletic. His face graced the covers of magazines around the world. He just energized the 2015 elections, and he had broad appeal for voters, especially young voters. It was the same type of popularity that his father, Pierre Elliott Trudeau, had, and he was twice Prime Minister, and he was also a charismatic figure. Justin Trudeau also promoted social causes such as gender equality, and there was an equal number of women and men in his first cabinet. Also more taxes on the wealthy, more effort to protect the environment.

A progressive agenda that the public seemed to embrace at the time that he was elected and seemed warmly embraced it. What happened? Why has he become so unpopular?

Well, within a few years of first being elected, it was pretty clear that the honeymoon was over. There were scandals, resignations in his cabinet. Now, he did get good marks for his handling of the COVID pandemic, but the country never really seemed to rebound. Canada now is experiencing many of the issues that we see here in the US: high inflation, housing shortages. I spoke with nick Nanos with Nanos Research, which is a leading polling firm based in Ottawa. He said that there was also a backlash against immigration. Here he is.

Although Canadians are supportive of immigrants, they were not supportive of the level of immigration that the broles had. This created a significant stress on the housing market.

It put significant stress on the health care education.

You know, Michelle, all of these issues came together and affected Trudeau's popularity.

This decision to resign comes just as President-elect Donald Trump is due to head back to the White House in the US. The two leaders have not had the best relationship. So what is the next Canadian leader going to have to deal with?

Well, you're right. It's never been an easy relationship between the two leaders. Since the presidential election, Trump has been needling Trudeau, suggesting Canada become the 51st state and calling Trudeau a governor rather than a prime minister. And more importantly, Trump is threatening to impose 25 % tariffs on many Canadian products. Now, Trudeau will still have to deal with Trump as he He's staying on as prime minister until the liberal party chooses a new leader. But it's quite likely that Trump will be dealing with someone from the conservative party after that.

That is NPR's Jackie Northam. Jackie, thank you.

Thank you.

The number of people being held at the US military court in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, has been cut nearly in half.

That's after the Biden administration transferred 11 detainees to Amman yesterday. It's part of Joe Biden's final push to try and close the detention facility before leaving office.

Npr, Sasha Fyfer has been covering Guantanamo for years, and she's with us now to tell us more about it. Good morning, Sasha. Good morning, Michelle. Who are these 11 people?

All of them are Then, all are from Yemen, all were captured after the 9/11 attacks, and all are former Al Qaeda, according to the Pentagon. All had also been held for more than two decades without charge or trial. Now, eventually, they were approved for transfer after national security officials said they weren't dangerous enough to keep holding. They had been approved for transfer for at least two years, sometimes much longer, once since 2010. But they had stayed behind bars due to diplomatic and political challenges like resistance to releasing them. The really difficult slow process of finding countries to take them, the problem is they could not go back to their home country of Yemen because it's unstable. So the US had to negotiate with another country to take them. Finally, Oman agreed to do that It says it will give them jobs, housing, other supports. Some of them will be monitored for security reasons and also face travel restrictions. For Guantanamo, the end result is just 15 prisoners are held there now.

Democrats have been trying to close this facility for years, and the Biden administration had four years to do this. Tell us about this last minute flurry of transfers weeks before leaving office. How did this all come together?

It really has been a flurry. In recent weeks, four other Guantanamo prisoners were released. We know of at least more transfer in the works. This is partly Biden racing to fulfill his goal of closing Guantanamo. A less charitable view is that it would have taken more political courage to do this when he was not a lame duck. But now that he's on his way out, it's easier to do hard and controversial things. I do want to note that yesterday's 11 prisoner transfer almost happened in October 2023, but it was called off after the October seventh Hamas attack because some members of Congress were worried about midi stability. So finally, in these final weeks, that plan got resurrected. It's also motivated by Trump returning. Trump has said he wants to keep Guantanamo open. So the assumption is that once Trump is back in the White House, there may be no more Guantanamo transfers under him. And Michelle, at some level, it's also Biden acknowledging that Guantanamo has been a failed legal system. As you know, there's still been no 9/11 trial more than two decades after the September 11th, 2001, attacks. There's worldwide criticism of Guantanamo as a human rights embarrassment because of the unlawful detention happening there.

It's also really expensive, $15 million per year per prisoner. That is way more than a federal Supermax. It's as Biden saying, It's time to shut the place down.

Well, as you've been reporting for all this time, a very complicated moral, political, and legal issue. What's been the reaction to this?

It tends to be predictable along party lines. Republicans claim this is like releasing terrorists. Democrats say this should have happened a long time ago. It's a moral stand on America, they say. This is complicated by the new fresh offheaval in the Middle East because there's some concern these men could end up back on a battlefield somewhere. But remember, national security officials has made the decision these men no longer pose a significant threat. I got a more hybrid or nuanced view from Scott Ream of the Center for Victims of Torture. He's glad the men were released, but he says it could and should have happened sooner. He says, Because it didn't happen sooner, time is now running out on transferring others before Trump comes into office. Releasing this many men in just a few weeks makes clear what could have been done over the rest of the last four years had the administration acted then with the same urgency and commitment that it's acting now.

Sasha, before we let you go, could you remind us of the history of the Guantanamo prison and how many people have been held there over the years?

The prison and the military court were set up to prosecute suspected foreign terrorists after the September 11th, 2001, attacks. The first prisoners arrived in January 2002. Over the years, a little under 800 people have passed through there. Most were never charged, yet held for years. The majority were eventually repatriated to their home countries or resettled in other countries. There are now 15 left, all of them racing the clock as Trump is about to get into office. The commonality among the 15 left is that if you're not out by January 20th, you're expected probably not to get out.

That is NPR Sasha Pfeiffer. Sasha, thank you. You're welcome. The Minneapolis City Council has voted unanimously to enter an agreement with the US Department of Justice to reform the city's Police Department.

The consent decree is intended to address decades of discriminatory policing. Nearly five years ago, George Floyd was murdered by a Minneapolis police officer, which sparked protests around the country and around the world.

Minnesota Public Radio's Estelle Tymar Wilcox is with us now to talk about the agreement and what it proposes to do. Good morning, Estelle. Good morning, Michelle. The The Justice Department began its scrutiny of the Minneapolis Police Department just after George Floyd was killed. What did they find that led to this consent decree?

Well, they found a pattern of racial discrimination and excessive use of force, particularly against Black and Native American people. They also noted inappropriate responses when people were experiencing a behavioral health crisis. City officials have been in talks with the Department of Justice since then to try to reach this consent agreement. The state, at the same time reached a a separate settlement with the city about a year ago, also mandating several reforms which the Department is now working towards.

The mayor, Jacob Fry, said the agreement set a clear path forward for police in the community. What's in it?

Well, the Department will have to draft a new use of force policy. It bans chokeholds and neck restraints and limits the use of pepper spray. One of the big concerns centered around investigations into a complaint against an officer, those will now continue even if an officer quits or retires. Assistant Attorney General, Kristen Clarke, called the settlement a critical step for constitutional policing.

George Floyd's death was not just a tragedy. It was a galvanizing force for the city and for the nation. All eyes remain on Minneapolis. With this consent decree, we now have a roadmap for reform that will help this community heal while strengthening trust between law enforcement and the people they serve. I want to mention here that this agreement is the 16th policing settlement that the Justice Department is currently enforcing. That's according to your Assistant Attorney General, Kristen Clarke. Do these agreements work?

Well, Clark says they do, and she noted success stories in other cities that have consent decrees. Like Seattle, which she said drastically reduced the use of force, and New Orleans, which reached its lowest rate of critical incidents in 2023. Here in Minneapolis, lots of police accountability activists were actually pushing for a consent decree. Michelle Gross was of them.

We have to have this agreement. Even if it isn't ideal, even if it isn't perfect, we need this agreement to go forward.

Even so, activists say it's not an end-all solution to police brutality.

The city council, as you were noting, voted unanimously to enact this consent decree, and what happens now?

Well, once a federal judge signs it, it'll go into effect, and advocates are hoping that will happen before Donald Trump's inauguration because Trump's last administration opposed using consent decrees. Once it's enacted, a federal judge and an independent monitor will oversee progress on it, and it'll stay in effect until the federal courts decide that all the conditions have been met, which could be years from now.

That is Minnesota Public Radio's Astelle Timar Wilcox. Astelle, thank you so much for joining us.

You're welcome.

That's up first for Tuesday, January seventh. I'm Michelle Martin.

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